Although it is generally accepted that the public sector plays a vital role in the economic and social life of the country, the monitoring and evaluation of its activity is rather limited in Greece. Beyond the analyses and reviews of international organizations and the European Union, and the presentations of the ministries and the government agencies, there is no other systematic monitoring and assessment of fiscal developments in Greece. IOBE, with the establishment of the Public Sector Observatory, aims at monitoring and evaluating fiscal policy developments in Greece, but also at studying some issues of structural nature, like the size of the public sector, public budgeting, the structure of the tax system, and tax administration.